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Skeets Martin
John Henry Martin (1875–1944), commonly referred to as "Skeets" Martin, was an American jockey who achieved many racing wins in the United States and the United Kingdom during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. His most notable race wins were the 1902 Epsom Derby on Ard Patrick and the 1903 2,000 Guineas on Rock Sand. Martin's technique was often at odds with racing authority rules, his license being suspended several times, and his early career was marred by allegations of cheating and underhanded gambling practices.〔''New York Times.'' ( "A column for race-goers." ) May 28, 1899.〕
==Early life and U.S. racing career==
Martin was born on January 25, 1875 in Titusville, Pennsylvania.〔Ancestry Library, from 1916 U.S. passport application. Roll 0285 - Certificates: 14701-15100, 10 Jan 1916-13 Jan 1916.〕 His family relocated to Santa Clara, California in the late 1880s and young Martin began an apprenticeship at the local racetrack when he was 15.〔James Forman Sloan. ( ''Tod Sloan-by himself.'' ) Riverside Press, Edinburgh. 1915.〕 He was first an exercise rider for Mr. Appleby and was then employed by D. Smith. His first race win was in 1896 aboard the 100:1 long shot La Mascota owned by J. G. Follansbee.〔''The Evening News- San Jose''. ( "Former Santa Clara rider becomes famous jockey." ) January 2, 1903.〕 Weighing only 80 lbs and standing at barely five feet tall, Martin soon acquired the nickname of "Skeets" because he looked like a tiny mosquito while riding a large Thoroughbred. In 1897, he won the Brooklyn Handicap on Howard Man while racing for George E. Smith, the notorious gambler called "Pittsburgh Phil." Smith also employed Tod Sloan, and the two were often pitted against each other on Smith's mounts. Pittsburgh Phil considered Sloan to be the better of his two jockeys and would often put Martin on his less successful horses.〔''New York Times''. ( "Suburban for Dwyer." ) June 23, 1897.〕 In late 1897, Martin was widely criticized in the Eastern horse racing circuit for lackluster riding performances and failing to meet contractual obligations for many of his clients.〔''New York Times''. ( "Jockey Martin fails to keep his engagements to ride six horses." ) October 14, 1897.〕 These slights cost him dearly and he was not contracted for much of the 1898 season by any of the major Thoroughbred owners. In 1899, Martin was contracted to ride for John Daly and the Dwyer Brothers, notably securing second place on Half-Time in a rousing nose-to-nose finish with Jean Bereaud at the Belmont Stakes. But despite his successes, Martin was dropped from Daly's employ in May 1899 due to a pervasive rumor that he had thrown a race that would have won Daly $15,000.〔 By 1899, Martin (at the age of 23) had won 269 out of 1257 mounts, with 242 seconds and 181 thirds in his short US career.〔 While the allegations of cheating effectively ended his U.S. career, there was ample opportunity for success abroad as many American horsemen were expanding their racing interests overseas and British horsemen were in need of unconventional jockeys. He traveled to the UK in early 1899 on the advice of his friend and fellow jockey Tod Sloan.〔''New York Times.'' ( "American jockey praised." ) February 3, 1918.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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